FY2027 appropriations status: 109 days to fiscal-year start

On 13 June 2026, 109 days before the 1 October 2026 start of fiscal year 2027 under 31 U.S.C. § 1102, the appropriations work for FY2027 stood as follows: the House had passed two of the twelve regular bills on the floor — Military Construction-Veterans Affairs on 15 May 2026 (400-15) and Agriculture on 4 June 2026 (213-210) — and the House Appropriations Committee had reported the Labor-HHS-Education bill (9 June, 34-28) and the Homeland Security bill (11 June, 34-27) from full committee; the Senate Appropriations Committee had held no FY2027 markups; neither chamber had adopted a concurrent budget resolution for FY2027 under § 301 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, 2 U.S.C. § 632, and no FY2027 regular appropriations bill had passed both chambers.¹ The President’s FY2027 Budget Request was transmitted to Congress under 31 U.S.C. § 1105(a), which requires submission of the budget “on or after the first Monday in January but not later than the first Monday in February of each year” (in 2026, by 2 February), and is available through the OMB Budget Documents collection.² In the absence of an FY2027 concurrent budget resolution, the House Appropriations Committee operates on the FY2027 302(b) subcommittee allocations it approved by a 32-28 vote on 22 April 2026 under § 302 of the Congressional Budget Act, 2 U.S.C. § 633; the Senate Appropriations Committee operates without enforceable allocations and subject to point-of-order risk on the floor under § 302(f), 2 U.S.C. § 633(f).³⁴

1. The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 timetable at 2 U.S.C. § 631 covers the House and Senate-side milestones — House and Senate Budget Committees report a concurrent resolution on the budget by 1 April, the concurrent resolution is to be agreed to by 15 April, and the House completes action on appropriations bills by 30 June — while the President’s budget submission deadline lives separately at 31 U.S.C. § 1105(a) (the first Monday in February). The dates in § 631 are not enforced by point of order independent of § 302(f) and § 311 deficit controls; missed dates are routine in modern practice. The FY2027 schedule has missed the 1 April Budget Committee reporting date and the 15 April adoption date. The House appropriations 30 June completion date is 17 days away as of 13 June 2026, with two bills through the House floor; House Appropriations Committee Chair Tom Cole (R-OK-4) has run the subcommittee and full-committee markups through May and June 2026 under the regular process.⁵

2. The committee-approved 302(b) allocations distribute the discretionary spending total among the twelve appropriations subcommittees. The Discretionary Spending Caps under § 251A of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, as amended (the sequestration caps), expired after FY2025; FY2027 discretionary spending is not subject to BBEDCA caps and is constrained only by the budget resolution (when adopted) and political agreement on the topline number.⁶ The Defense and Nondefense topline split, the FY2026 continuing operative-baseline figures, and the policy-rider posture remain the principal pre-markup variables.⁷

3. The ICE and U.S. Border Patrol reconciliation vehicle keyed to the FY2026 budget resolution (S. Con. Res. 33) and contemplated by the 30 April 2026 two-track DHS funding framework was enacted three days before the dateline: the Secure America Act passed the Senate 52-47, passed the House 214-212 on 9 June 2026, and was signed 10 June 2026, appropriating $70 billion — $38 billion for ICE, $26 billion for Border Patrol and a $5 billion contingency fund — through the remainder of the presidential term.⁸ Reconciliation instructions under § 310 of the Congressional Budget Act, 2 U.S.C. § 641, are issued in a concurrent budget resolution and direct named committees to report legislation by a specified deadline within the resolution’s text; instructions remain available to the instructed committees until a subsequent concurrent budget resolution supersedes them under § 301. The adoption of an FY2027 concurrent budget resolution would displace any open FY2026 reconciliation instructions that had not produced reported legislation.⁹¹⁰

4. The 1 October 2026 FY2027 start date falls 33 days before the 3 November 2026 federal general election (the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November of even-numbered years under 2 U.S.C. § 7 for the House and 2 U.S.C. § 1 for the Senate). The House and Senate published 2026 calendars include the August district work period and a compressed September session before the fiscal-year start; the precise session-day count from 13 June through 30 September in each chamber is set by the Speaker’s office and the Majority Leader’s office and is subject to amendment. A continuing resolution covering all twelve FY2027 bills from 1 October 2026 forward would carry the prior fiscal year’s enacted rate subject to anomalies, rate-of-operations provisions and policy-rider limitations.¹¹¹²